General information about abnormal cancer of childhood

General information about abnormal cancer of childhood

key points

• Abnormal cancer in childhood is rarely seen in children.
• Tests are used to describe extraordinary cancer of childhood (diagnosis), diagnosis, and phasing.
• There are three ways to spread cancer in the body
• Cancer can spread where it starts from other parts of the body.

Abnormal cancer in childhood is rarely seen in children.

Cancer is rare in children and adolescents. From 1975, the number of new cases of childhood cancer has increased gradually. Since 1975, the number of deaths of childhood cancer has decreased by more than half.

Unusual cancers are so rare that most of the children's hospitals are likely to appear fewer than some handful in some years. Because abnormal cancer is very rare, there is not a lot of information about which treatment works best, a child's treatment is often based on what has been learned from treating other children. Sometimes information is available only from the diagnosis, treatment, and the follow-up to a small group of children or children who were given the same treatment.

This summary contains many different cancers that are found in the body.

Test is used to detect, diagnose and phase out extraordinary cancer of childhood.

Tests are performed for cancer detection, diagnosis, and stage cancer. Testing used depends on the type of cancer. After diagnosis of cancer, it is tested to detect that the cancer cells have spread where the cancer started from other parts of the body. It is used to ascertain that cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, which are called scaffolding. The information gathered from the staging process determines the level of the disease. It is important to know the steps for best treatment plans.

The following tests and procedures can be used for diagnosis, diagnosis, and stage cancer:

• Physical examination and history: An examination of the body to examine the general symptoms of health, including examining the symptoms of diseases, such as lumps or something which seems unusual, a history of patient health habits and previous illnesses and Treatment will also be taken.
• Study of blood chemistry: A process in which blood samples are examined to measure the amount of blood released by the organs and tissues in the body. An abnormal (more or less than normal) amount of a substance may be a symptom of the disease.
• X-ray: X-ray is a type of energy beam that can go through the body and on the film.
• CT Scan: A technique has developed a series of detailed pictures of the areas in the body, under the leadership of different angles. Images are created by connected to a computer X-ray machine. This process is also known as tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized tomography axial.

Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen.

 The child lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner,

 which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the abdomen.

PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): A process to find deadly tumor cells in the body. A small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into the vein. The PET scanner revolves around the body and creates the image where glucose is being used in the body. Fatal tumor cells appear bright in the photo because they are more active and take more glucose than normal cells.

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan. The child lies on a table that slides through the PET scanner. 

The head rest and white strap help the child lie still. A small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is 

injected into the child's vein, and a scanner makes a picture of where the glucose is being used in the body.

 Cancer cells show up brighter in the picture because they take up more glucose than normal cells do.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): A process that uses magnet and radio waves that make up the body. Photos are created by computer This process is also called molecular magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen.

 The child lies on a table that slides into the MRI scanner, 

which takes pictures of the inside of the body. 

The pad on the child’s abdomen helps make the pictures clearer.

Ultrasound examination: A process in which high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) are bounced with internal tissues or organs and make apes, echoes are a picture of the body tissues called a sonogram, the picture can be seen later.

 

Abdominal ultrasound. An ultrasound transducer connected to a 

computer is pressed against the skin of the abdomen. The transducer 

bounces sound waves off internal organs and tissues to make 

echoes that form a sonogram (computer picture).

Endoscopy: A process for examining abnormal areas to look for organs and tissues inside the body. The endoscope is inserted into the skin through an incision (cut) or in the body, such as through the mouth or rectum, the endoscope is a thin, tube-like device with a lens for light and viewing. It can also be a tool to remove tissue or lymph nodes, which are tested under the microscope for the symptoms of the disease.

 

Upper endoscopy. A thin, lighted tube is inserted through 

the mouth to look for abnormal areas in the esophagus, 

stomach, and first part of the small intestine.

Bone scan: It is a process of seeing whether the cells are rapidly dividing in the bone, such as cancer cells. A very small amount of radioactive material is injected into the vein and travels through blood flow. Radioactive material is collected in the bones with cancer and is detected by the scanner.

 

Bone scan. A small amount of radioactive material is 

injected into the child's vein and travels through the blood. 

The radioactive material collects in the bones. As the child 

lies on a table that slides under the scanner, the radioactive

 material is detected and images are made on a computer screen.

Biopsy: To remove cells or tissues so that they can be seen under a microscope by pathologists to check the symptoms of cancer. There are many different types of biopsy procedures, the most common types include:

• Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Removing tissue or fluid using thin needle.
• Core biopsy: Removal of tissue using a wide needle
• Provisional biopsy: Removing a sample of a lump or tissue that does not look normal
• Exaggerated Biopsy:Removal of an entire lump or area of ​​tissue that does not look normal.

There are three ways to spread cancer in the body

Cancer tissue can spread through the lymph system and blood:

• Tissue cancer spreads from where it started growing in the surrounding areas.
• The lymphatic system is spread to cancer from where it started in the lymphatic system. The cancer goes through the lymph vessels to other parts of the body.
• blood. Cancer spreads from where blood starts coming from. Cancer travels to other parts of the body through blood vessels.

Cancer can spread where it starts from other parts of the body.

When the cancer spreads to the other side of the body, it is called metastasis, they started away (primary tumors) from cancerous cells and used to travel through the lymphatic system or blood.

• The lymphatic system goes into the cancer lymphatic system, travels through the lymph vessels, and creates a tumor (metastatic tumor) in the other part of the body.
• blood. Cancer goes into blood, travels through blood vessels, and makes tumor (metastatic tumor) in the other part of the body.

Metastatic tumor is the only type of cancer that is the primary tumor. For example, if thyroid cancer is spread in the lungs, cancer cells in the lungs are actually thyroid cancer cells, the disease is metastatic thyroid cancer, lung cancer is not.