Cancer Disparities

Cancer inequalities

Cancer affects all population groups in the United States. But some groups can tolerate the unbalanced burden of cancer compared to other groups.

The disparities of cancer (sometimes called cancer inequality of cancer) are different in cancer measures such as:

• Event (new cases)
• Proliferation (all current cases)
• Death rate (death)
• Morbidity (cancer related health complications)
• Survival with the quality of life after the treatment of cancer,
• The burden of cancer or related health conditions
• Screening rates
• Forum on diagnosis

Inequalities of cancer can also be seen when the result is improving overall but in some groups relative to other groups, reform is delayed.

Although inequalities are often considered in terms of caste / ethnicity, other population groups can experience cancer inequalities. This includes groups defined by disability, gender / sexual orientation, geographical location, income, education, and other characteristics.

ON THIS PAGE

• contributing factors
• Examples of cancer disparities
• Cancer, while addressing the inequities

Contributing factors

Inequality of cancer is believed to reflect the interaction of socio-economic factors, culture, diet, stress, environment and biology.

Members of minority ethnic / ethnic groups in the United States are more likely to be poor and mentally weak (who have little or no access to effective health care), and limited access to quality health care is a major contributor Inequalities, for example, regardless of their racial / ethnic background, poor and medically underserved those doctors Less likely to recommend screening tests for cancer than those who medically good service. There may be a possibility of getting pre-cancerous diagnosis, which could have been treated more efficiently when diagnosed earlier.

The burden of cancer in poor and therapeutically few individuals can also reflect various rates of risk factors for cancer such as high rates of tobacco smoking, physical inaction, obesity and excessive alcohol intake and low breastfeeding rates. Apart from this, people living in poverty may experience high rates of risk for environmental risk factors, such as substance due to cancer in automotive exhaust in dense urban areas.

Even in high socio-economic status, some racial / ethnic minority groups may experience cancer inequalities. These differences can reflect cultural differences such as disbelief in health care system, behavioral behavior about cancer, or apprehension or embarrassment about certain types of medical procedures. They can also reflect geographical or other differences in access to quality care.

Cancer disparity can also show the difference in clinical trial participation. Clinical trials often involve less involvement by racial / ethnic minority, which increases the likelihood that the results can not be fully implemented on them.

Biological differences also play a role in the disparities of some cancers. Advances in genomics and other molecular technologies are improving our understanding that biological differences in population groups contribute to health inequalities and how biological factors interact with other potentially relevant factors like diet and environment.

For example, some evidence suggests that there are genetic or other biological differences between triple-negative breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer born in African Americans and that occur in people of other racial / ethnic groups and that These differences can explain the difference in the incidence of this cancer or aggression

Examples of cancer disparities

Although the incidence of incidence and mortality in all racial / ethnic groups is decreasing in the United States, some groups are increasing the risk of developing or dying from specific cancers.

Some major cancer incidents and mortality inequalities include in American ethnic / ethnic groups:

• African Americans have more mortality rates than all other groups, although not all, cancer types.

• For the death of breast cancer, compared to white women in comparison to African American women, there is a greater likelihood of the increase in mortality in African American women as compared to white women compared to earlier. Had been caught in white women.

• African Americans have more than twice the chance of prostate cancer to be white to die and almost twice as likely to die of stomach cancer.

• Colorectal cancer incidence is higher in African Americans than white. The incident is decreasing in all groups, but the difference between the groups remains.

• Hispanic and African American women have high rates of cervical cancer compared to women of other racial / ethnic groups; African American women have the highest rates of death from women's illness.

• Hispanics and liver and intrahepatic biliary canal in the American Indian / Alaska Native are the highest rates of cancer, followed by Asian Pacific Islanders.

• The American Indian / Alaska Native has higher mortality rate than kidney cancer than other ethnic / ethnic groups.

• Compared to men of other racial / ethnic groups, both African American men are more likely to have lung cancer and mortality.

Other notable examples of inequalities include:

• The rate of incidence of colorectal, lung, and cervical cancers is very high in the Appalachian region of Ohio compared to the state's rich and more populated areas.
• African American women are more likely to double about twice as white women should diagnose triple-negative breast cancer, which is more aggressive and difficult than other subtypes of breast cancer.
• African Americans are expected to be repeated twice as many diabetics are likely to be diagnosed and white to die. Comparison of white-colored disorders called monoclonal gamopathy of the undefined importance (MGUS) in the black and dark colors of the United States and Africa There are two to three times more, which can be precursor to many myelomas.
• Colorectal cancer screening rates have major differences in ethnic / racial groups, Spanish-speaking Hispanics are less likely to be white or English-speaking than Hispanics.
• Compared to people with higher levels, the number of colorectal cancer deaths in the middle of the age of 65 ("premature" deaths) is higher in the states with the lowest education level. In spite of race or ethnicity, people with higher education are less likely to die prematurely than colorectal cancer.
• Behaviors that increase the risk of cancer, such as smoking and drinking, can be more prevalent than those of heterosexual ages between lesbian, gay and bisexual youth.

Addressing the inequalities of cancer

Since many different factors can cause cancer inequalities - in particular, lack of poverty and quality medical care - addressing them is not easy or simple yet, researchers find ways to address the most important factors in special inequalities. Are identifying and are already meeting with some success.

An approach is specifically to reach care. For example, in 2002, while seeking to remove inequalities in colorectal cancer among African Americans, Delaware created a statewide colorectal cancer screening program that paid for screening and treatment and for coordination of screening and cancer care. Available patients provided to the Navy. Until the year 2009, this program abolished the inequalities in the screening rate, the percentage of African Americans detected in cancer has already spread, and almost completely racial / ethnic differences in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer Ended up Similar efforts are being made to address cancer inequalities among the rural population.

Researchers are also addressing biological differences in cancer in racial / ethnic groups. For example, they are identifying genetic variants that can explain high risk of prostate cancer among African American men compared to white men. Researchers are also looking at other molecular differences, which can tell why African American men get more aggressive prostate cancer than white men. This type of study can eventually help identify the ways of reducing the risk among African American men.